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SHAKE2000
A Computer Program for the 1-D Analysis of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Problems
SHAKE2000 is a Windows based, user-friendly computer program that will help geotechnical earthquake engineers and researchers with the analysis of site-specific response and the evaluation of earthquake effects on soil deposits. Hence, the main objective in the development of SHAKE2000 was to add new features to transform SHAKE and SHAKE91 into an analysis tool for seismic analysis of soil deposits and earth structures. As such, the governing philosophy in developing this new version of SHAKE was to lay before the user a suite of tools designed to answer questions of interest to both academia and the consulting professional. We then expect that SHAKE2000 will have a dual role in geotechnical earthquake engineering. First, it will be used as a learning tool for students of geotechnical engineering. Second, it will serve practitioners of geotechnical earthquake engineering as a scoping tool to provide a first approximation of the dynamic response of a site. Depending upon the prediction of site response, the practitioner will judge whether more sophisticated dynamic modeling is warranted.
SHAKE2000 is a software package that integrates ShakEdit and SHAKE. ShakEdit was originally developed as a 16-bit, Windows 3.1 application that provided a graphical interface for SHAKE. It was originally conceived as an aid to the user in the creation of the input file and the graphical display of the program’s numeric output. It accomplished the first step by incorporating user-friendly screens to assist in entering the arcane input data for the differing SHAKE options. The second step required the development of routines for the processing and error checking of output data, and for displaying that output in forms familiar to the geotechnical engineer. SHAKE was developed at the University of California, Berkeley, by H. Bolton Seed, John Lysmer and Per B. Schnabel. SHAKE computes the response in a system of homogeneous, viscous-elastic layers of infinite horizontal extent subjected to vertically traveling shear waves. The program is based on the continuous solution to the wave-equation adapted for use with transient motions through the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm. The nonlinearity of the shear modulus and damping is accounted for by the use of equivalent linear soil properties using an iterative procedure to obtain values for modulus and damping compatible with the effective strains in each layer.
The solution of a particular problem requires use of realistic ground motions (loading), modeling site dynamics (response), and the interpretation and prediction of soil behavior subject to dynamic loading (analysis). To help the engineer in the solution of this problem, SHAKE2000 was developed as a computer program that the practicing engineer could employ to address geotechnical aspects of earthquake engineering of a project site. It presently includes the following:
Up to 200 layers for the soil column.
Numerous attenuation relationships for estimating peak horizontal acceleration and velocity with distance; and, for the pseudo acceleration and pseudo velocity response spectra.
Design spectra such as NEHRP, IBC, UBC 1997, EuroCode 8 and AASHTO. These spectra and those from attenuation relationships can be plotted simultaneously with the spectra computed with SHAKE.
Calculation of permanent slope displacements due to earthquake shaking using the Newmark Method or the Makdisi-Seed Method.
A pre & postprocessor for SEISRISK III, a computer program for seismic hazard estimation developed by the USGS.
Incorporation of a number of equations used to estimate the maximum shear moduli, Gmax.
Random generation of input data for a SHAKE column using mean and standard deviation; or, mean and upper and lower bound values for layer thickness, shear wave velocity, peak ground acceleration, and shear modulus reduction and damping curves.
Ratio of response spectra analysis of the ground surface motions to the input outcropping rock motions.
Computation of cyclic stress ratio (CSR) based on 1) equivalent uniform shear stress using the peak shear stress computed with SHAKE; or, 2) the simplified equation by Seed & Idriss (1971).
Estimation of the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) required to initiate liquefaction using: 1) Standard Penetration Test results and the CRR vs. N1,60,cs chart developed by Seed et al. (1985) as revised in the NCEER (1997) workshop; and 2) Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data, as recommended by Robertson and Wride, and recently reviewed in the Proceedings of the NCEER Workshop on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils.
Calculation of settlement induced by earthquake shaking using either the Tokimatsu & Seed (1987), or the Ishihara and Yoshimine (1992) Method.
An option to obtain the Peak Ground Acceleration from the gridded points used to make the 1996 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps based on latitude and longitude input. A feature to plot the hazard matrix, i.e. the results of seismic hazard deaggregation for a site in the Conterminous United States obtained from the USGS web site. The data in this text file are used by SHAKE2000 to obtain a plot of the deaggregated distance, magnitude and ground-motion uncertainty for the specified parameters.
A utility to convert files to a format compatible with SHAKE.
A Pre- & Post-Processor for RspMatch. The RspMatch program is not included.
An option to compute the response spectra for a ground motion.
Evaluation of liquefaction induced ground deformation.
Printing of the output results for each graph in table form for inclusion in reports or other documents.
A database of dynamic material properties. A number of theoretical models for generation of dynamic material properties.
On-line help for every form used in the program.
Compatibility with input files used by SHAKE91.
The program works with either English or SI units.
The foregoing provides the engineer with a suite of tools that facilitates the translation of the output from SHAKE2000 into predictions of liquefaction potential, and earthquake induced displacements of a site.
However, the most important feature of SHAKE2000 is its ability to graphically display the results of the ground motion and other analyses. For example, values of peak acceleration are displayed vs. depth; time history accelerations are displayed as values of acceleration vs. time; attenuation relationships are displayed as a log-log graph of acceleration vs. distance; etc.. Results from SEISRISK III can be displayed as contours, or 3-D surface graphs. The graphs can be imported into another application such as a word processor for preparing presentations or engineering reports.
The program requires a USB Hardware Key to work. This key is provided with the software package. With this key, the program can be installed on different computers.
For more information about the different features included in SHAKE2000, please download the User's Manual (PDF format, approximately 4 Mb) or the Quick Tutorial (6.4 Mb). Please note that this computer program is not intended as a teaching tool for 1-D dynamic analysis, i.e. it is assumed that the user is familiar with the theoretical background of the analytical tools included with SHAKE2000.
This page was last updated on 01/13/09.
